IBN-2: Bioelectronics

The interfacing of man-made electronics with bio-systems like DNA, redox proteins, enzymes and cells not only allows us to learn about molecular processes in biology, but also paves the way to using it in derived sensory devices. Some of these have already had a profound impact on clinical diagnostics. Technological approaches also can be inspired by biological systems potentially leading to new cognitive and sensory approaches to information processing. Our research aims to develop bioelectronic devices that combine biological systems-from single biomolecules to living cells and organisms-with electronics.
Within the broad field of bioelectronics, we have identified two domains where our expertise in nanotechnology can add value for improving the efficiency and sustainability of current environmental research and health care.

Sensing and imaging:
Electronic devices that detect trace amounts of biochemicals in the environment or in bodily fluids will allow far earlier detection than current technologies and will therefore facilitate appropriate reactions. Magnetic sensors have evolved due to the ever-increasing need for improved sensitivity. Ultra-sensitive superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have a great potential for biomedical sensing. Microwave to terahertz sensing techniques, based on collectively vibrational modes of complex molecules at terahertz frequencies, relaxation of the dielectric function in the micro- and millimetre wave range, and ionic conductivity at radio frequencies, have great potential for applications in biology, medicine, airline, and public security.

Bioelectronic devices and biomedical applications:
The use of biomolecules as the building blocks of higher-level functional devices will lead to applications ranging from the integration of biomaterials with electronics in recognition to sensing devices, such as biosensors. Bioelectronics research also exploits the use of biomolecules to perform electronic functions that semiconductor devices currently perform, thereby offering the potential to increase integration in combination with additional functionalities at the nanometer level.
Living cells and tissues exhibit an extraordinary range of functions including highly selective biochemical sensing (even in chemically noisy environments), protein synthesis, and information processing. Functional interfaces between neurons and micro-/nanodevices will have the potential to enhance in-vitro applications ranging from basic neuroscience research and disease modelling to drug screening and biosensors. Future in-vivo applications of bioelectronic devices include, for example, stimulating and recording deep-brain activity, managing pain, and restoring damaged nervous pathways.